Updated in version 3
Adverbial group
| Features | Example items | Where to put a tag |
|---|---|---|
| Single-word adverbs | obviously, sure | on the item |
| Adverbial/ Prepositional constituency | in my view, to me, in actual fact | the entire phrase |
| (Adverbial) subordinate clauses | as SV, when SV, if SV, as long as SV, whether or not SV | the entire subordinate clause |
| Coordinating conjunctions | but, and, yet | on the item |
Single-word adverbs
When an engagement meaning is realized by a single word adverbs (e.g., probably, surprisingly, etc.), you will put a tag on the item.
- Obviously, he was lying.
- He was probabily lying,
Multi-word adverbs/ adverbial and prepositional constituency
When an engagement meaning is realized by a multi-word adverbs, such as prepositional phrases, adverbial phrases, you will put a tag on the whole constituency.
- In my view, these were the norm.
- Generally speaking, if a person repented the church would pardon him or her regardless of how atrocious the crime was.
- They do feel like they ‘re frozen out because of a big company.
- Any reading rate gains on the posttest might have been due to the additional amount of reading time rather than the extensive reading treatment.
- According to Andersen (1991), the Congruence Principle presents an explanation as to why errors occur.
- The camel is without doubt one of the natural world’s most remarkable forms of transport.
- Then we realized that you had to sort of like turn it off.
- As expected, the volume of retail sales rose 0.5 per cent in August.
Subordinate clause—including both single-word and multi-word subordinate conjunctions
Common subordinate conjunctions, which introduce a subordinate clause, include:
- Concessions: although, as, as though, even, even though, though, just as though, whereas, while
- Conditions: even if, if, in case, provided (that), unless, as long as, as much as, as far as,
- Temporal: after, as, as soon as, as long as, before, once, since, still, till, until, when, whenever, while
- Contrasts: although, though, whereas, while, rather than,
- Causal relations: as, because, in order (that), so that, now that, since
Note that the meaning of the subordinating conjunction depends on the context.
Some semantic categories of subordinate clauses (e.g., concession, Conditions) are closely related to some of the engagement meaning. For example, concessions are likely to associate with COUNTER, and Conditions with ENTERTAIN. Some causal conjunctions are related to JUSTIFY. Remember not all semantic categories are used as Engagement resource, nor not all instances of closely related categories just mentioned (e.g., concession, conditions) take on engagement value.
When an engagement meaning is realized by a subordinate conjunctions such as although, while, and if, you will put a tag on the entire subordinate clause (Modified on April 9th).
- Although the religion motif was not commonly discussed among the discussants, the relevance of this theme to these various texts need to be brought to attention.
- Though there were several ‘couples’, these were definitely not the norm.
- The Bush administration, as we all know, has rejected the Kyoto agreement
- The correlation figure was not as strong as one might expect.
Similarly, multi-word subordinate conjunctions, such as as long as, so that, provided that, will get a tag on the entire clause.
- As long as the response addresses the question, it can be long.
Coordinating conjunctions
When an engagement meaning is realized by a coordinating conjunctions such as but and yet, you will put a tag on that item.
- But look at what he achieved.
- Schools do not serve as avenues for upward mobility, but instead reinforce existing social and economic inequalities.
